处理约束

要应用工程图约束，请执行以下任一操作：

• 从菜单中选择约束（或使用其相应的快捷方式），然后在草图中选择要应用约束的图元。

• 选择草图图元，然后在工具栏的约束菜单上单击该约束。

工具栏约束菜单提供以下约束：

• 重合 - 使 2 个或更多草图图元在草图中共享相同位置。

• 同心 - 使任意点与圆弧或圆的中心重合。使选定的弧线和圆共享一个中心点。

• 平行 - 使 2 条或更多条线平行。

• 切线 - 在 2 个草图图元之间或草图图元和平面之间建立切线关系。

• 水平 - 将 1 条或多条线或一组点限制为水平线。

• 垂直 - 将 1 条或多条直线或一组点限制为垂直线。

• 正交垂直 - 使两条线垂直。

• 相等 - 使多条线的长度相等，或多条弧的半径相等。

• 中点 - 将草图点限制在直线或圆弧的中点。

• 法向 - 使曲线和直线，或曲线和平面垂直。

• 穿透 - 使草图图元与活动草图平面外的另一个实体重合。

• 对称 - 使 2 个相同类型的实体相对于直线、平面或线性边对称。

• 固定 - 将草图图元锁定在草图平面上，这样它就不会移动。

• 曲率 - 在草图样条或圆锥与周围几何图元之间创建曲率连续过渡。

在草图打开的情况下，将光标悬停在一个草图图元（如线或圆弧）上方以查看该图元的约束。当您移动鼠标以将光标悬停在多个图元上方时，将仅显示亮显图元的约束。要使所有约束保持可见状态，请在按住 Shift 键的同时移动鼠标。

将光标悬停在图元上方时，图元将以橙色亮显，但参照的约束除外，这些约束带有蓝色背景，将光标悬停在其上方时，它们带有深蓝色背景。相关的图元将以黄色亮显，选择约束时，配套的图元也会亮显。

以下约束未在工具栏的“约束”部分提供，而是在特定操作期间自动创建的，如下所述：

• 象限 - 约束点与椭圆重合，与该椭圆的长轴或短轴重合。创建的方法可以是推断、将某个对象拖动到或将某个对象放置到椭圆的一个点上。
• 使用 - 将一个草图中的草图图元约束为另一个草图中的图元。创建的方法是先选择“使用”工具，然后选择其他草图或特征中的图元（草图图元、面或边）。
• 相交 - 使用穿透约束 来约束开放曲线的端点（因使用相交工具而产生），以使它们位于相交面的边上；对于闭合曲线，使用相交约束来约束草图图元。

草图图元的颜色指示其约束的状态：

• 蓝色表示约束不足。
• 黑色表示完全约束。
• 红色表示约束存在问题（过度约束）。

约束图标的颜色表示其约束状态：

• 灰底黑色意味着定义良好。
• 红底白色表示有问题。
• 选择时，非完全约束的草图点（蓝色和红色）优先于任何重叠的完全约束的草图点（黑色）。

添加更多尺寸或约束将进一步约束草图。拖动图元可帮助您了解可能要添加哪些约束或尺寸。

View and filter the sketch constraints and dimensions in order to analyze them and correct any sketch constraint errors.

Accessing the Constraint manager

From the Sketch dialog:

1. Click the Show sketch diagnostic tools icon ().

2. Click Constraint manager.

   

The Constraint manager dialog opens:

Using the Constraint manager

From the Constraint manager dialog, you can do the following:

• Filters - Collapse/Expand all dialog sections at once (Type, Mode, Status).

• Automatically select constraints - When toggled on (default), any constraint selected in the Constraint manager dialog places a yellow bounding box around corresponding constraints in the sketch. When off, constraints will not have a bounding box placed around them (they are not selected).

  This option is useful if you want to select only those constraints from a specific part of the sketch. For example, toggle this option off. Select the constraints Type you want to locate in the portion of your sketch (for example, coincident constraints in the example below). Then create a selection box around a portion of your sketch (a rectangle in the example below). Only constraints for that section display bounding boxes around them and are available from the Entities and constraints list (see below).

  

  Disabling "Automatically select constraints" and then box-selecting the rectangle in the sketch (left). Once selected, the filters only apply to the selected sketch entity. In the example here, coincident constraints are only shown for the previously-selected rectangle (right).

• Type - Select from a list of available constraints. For example, selecting Coincident places a yellow bounding box around all coincident constraints in the sketch (provided Automatically select constraints is enabled).

• Mode - Select from the following 3 modes:

  • Internal - Selects constraints from the current sketch.

  • External - Selects constraints from external sources.

  • In context - Selects constraints referenced in context

• Status - Select from the following 3 statuses:

  • Driven - Driven constraints. When selected, driven constraints are highlighted yellow. If they are under-constrained, they are highlighted a darker blue.

  • Solved - Solved constraints. When selected, solved constraints are highlighted yellow. If they are under-constrained, they are highlighted a darker blue.

  • Errors - Constraints in error. When selected, constraints in error are highlighted a darker red,

• Sort by constraint - Sorts the Entities and constraints list below by constraint first, then entity second.

• Sort by entity - Sorts the Entities and constraints list below by entity first, then constraint second.

• Entities and constraints list - Displays all selected constraints, depending on the filter selections in the dialog. Hovering over a constraint or entity in the list highlights it in the sketch. From this list, you can:

  • Delete constraint ( ) - Deletes the constraint from the sketch.

  • Remove selection ( ) - Removes the constraint from the Entities and constraints list.

    

    Sort by constraint (left); Sort by entity (right)

    Right-click on a constraint or entity in the Entities and constraints list to access the following commands:

    • Delete constraint/entity - Deletes the selection (constraint or entity)

    • Zoom to selection - Zooms in to the selection (constraint or entity)

    • Hide external references - Hides all externally referenced constraints

    • Clear all - Clears all constraints from the Entities and constraints list

      

• Delete all button - Deletes all selected constraints from the sketch.

Turning Constraint manager off

To turn off the Constraint manager, either:

1. Click X at the top right corner of the Constraint manager dialog.

2. Click the Show sketch diagnostic tools icon () and select Turn constraint manager off:

   

提示

• Select as many types, modes and statuses from the dialog to filter the constraints to what is selected. These filters can be used in any combination.

• If Show constraints and Show errors are disabled in the Sketch dialog, hovering over the constraint in the Entities and constraints list displays only that constraint (and related entities) in the sketch:

  

• Selecting an entity in the Entities and constraints list highlights the entity in light yellow:

  

• Constraint manager also works with sketches in the Sheet metal flat pattern view:

  

您可以与约束图标交互：

• 单击一个图标或一组图标并将其拖动到不同的位置。
• 将光标悬停在单个约束图标上方以查看哪些图元亮显，从而指示对其应用的约束。
• 删除约束：单击单个约束图标并按 Delete 键或从环境菜单中选择“删除”。
• 在草图对话框中，选中“显示约束”以显示为草图定义的所有约束。
• 冲突的约束显示为红色背景上的白色符号。

绘制草图时，随着曲线捕捉到推断，约束指示符会出现在鼠标光标旁边。